31.3 C
Guwahati
Thursday, November 13, 2025
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    শেহতীয়া আপডেটঃ

    How Assamese film found its mojo

    The fifties were a crucial period during when the film industry in the North Eastern state began to bloom.

    The Moving Image and Assamese Culture

    𝘛𝘩𝘦 1950𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘮 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘢 𝘣𝘶𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘢 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳. 𝘍𝘳𝘰𝘮 1950 𝘵𝘰 1959, 19 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦𝘥. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘥 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘢𝘪𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘦 – 𝘪𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘥 𝘢 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦. 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘨𝘰𝘵 𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 (𝘥𝘪𝘳: 𝘗𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘪 𝘚𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘢, 1955) 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 3𝘳𝘥 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘴 𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘺 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘕𝘦𝘸 𝘋𝘦𝘭𝘩𝘪. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮 𝘛𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘦 𝘸𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘦: ‘𝘙𝘶𝘱𝘫𝘺𝘰𝘵𝘪 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯’𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯 𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦, 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘶𝘣𝘵𝘦𝘥𝘭𝘺 𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦 𝘢 𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘧𝘶𝘭. 𝘛𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺, 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘴 𝘢 𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵. 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘥, 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘬 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴.’ 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮’𝘴 𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘢𝘳 𝘷𝘦𝘪𝘯:

    𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯, 𝘢 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘴, 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘺. 𝘐𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘭𝘦𝘧𝘵 𝘪𝘵𝘴 11 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘴 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘨𝘶𝘦𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘥 – 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘲𝘶𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘩𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘴 – 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘭𝘺 𝘴𝘢𝘪𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘥𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘴, 𝘵𝘰𝘥𝘢𝘺, 𝘢 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘩. 𝘊𝘳𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘨𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘗𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘪 𝘚𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘢 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘢𝘶𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺.

    𝘍𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯, 𝘢 𝘯𝘶𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭, 𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘶𝘱 𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘴: 𝘪𝘯 1957, 𝘔𝘢𝘬 𝘢𝘳𝘶 𝘔𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘮 (𝘔𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳’𝘴 𝘭𝘰𝘷𝘦) 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘕𝘪𝘱 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵; 𝘪𝘯 1958, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘚𝘪𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘔𝘦𝘥𝘢𝘭 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘥, 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦, 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘙𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘢 𝘗𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘦 (𝘙𝘦𝘥 𝘗𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘦) 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘕𝘪𝘱 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢; 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳 1959 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘗𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘯 (𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘚𝘶𝘯), 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘦𝘯𝘨𝘢𝘭𝘪 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮-𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦𝘳 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘔𝘶𝘬𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘫𝘦𝘦, 𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘚𝘪𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘔𝘦𝘥𝘢𝘭. 𝘗𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘍𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘭 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘢𝘵 𝘉𝘦𝘳𝘭𝘪𝘯. 𝘈𝘭𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘳𝘦. 𝘕𝘪𝘱 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘪𝘮𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘧𝘵 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘥𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘢 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘪𝘥𝘥𝘭𝘦 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘴𝘴 𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦. 𝘎𝘺𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘥𝘢 𝘒𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘵𝘪, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘯 1949, 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘙𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘢 𝘗𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘦, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘸𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘮 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘗𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘯.

    𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1950𝘴. 𝘏𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘌𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘶𝘳 (𝘛𝘶𝘯𝘦𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘋𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘗𝘢𝘵𝘩) 𝘪𝘯 1956. 𝘍𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦, 𝘢𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘬 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘤 𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘧𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘉𝘰𝘮𝘣𝘢𝘺, 𝘢𝘯𝘥, 𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘭𝘺, 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘥𝘺 𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘓𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘴𝘩𝘬𝘢𝘳. 𝘐𝘵 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘏𝘦𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘒𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘳, 𝘚𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘩𝘺𝘢 𝘔𝘶𝘬𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘫𝘦𝘦, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢 𝘩𝘪𝘮𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘉𝘢𝘭𝘳𝘢𝘫 𝘚𝘢𝘩𝘯𝘪. 𝘌𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘶𝘳 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘢 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘧𝘶𝘭 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘰𝘯 23 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 1956 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘦𝘥, ‘𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘨𝘪𝘧𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘯𝘦𝘸 𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘩𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢…𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘥 𝘭𝘺𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘥𝘰𝘮 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘯. 𝘞𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦, 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘩𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘱𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘦…𝘌𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘶𝘳 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘶𝘣𝘵𝘦𝘥𝘭𝘺 𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘴 𝘢 𝘯𝘦𝘸 𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘢 𝘰𝘧 𝘩𝘰𝘱𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴….’

    𝘉𝘩𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴: 𝘌𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘶𝘳 (1956), 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘢 (1961), 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘥𝘩𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘪 (𝘌𝘤𝘩𝘰) (1965), 𝘓𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘪 (𝘛𝘶𝘳𝘮𝘰𝘪𝘭) (1965), 𝘊𝘩𝘪𝘬𝘮𝘪𝘬 𝘉𝘪𝘫𝘶𝘭𝘪 (𝘓𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘚𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘬) (1969), 𝘔𝘰𝘯 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘢𝘱𝘢𝘢𝘵𝘪 (𝘙𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘏𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘵) (1979), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘚𝘪𝘳𝘢𝘫 (1988). 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘓𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘪 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘚𝘪𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘔𝘦𝘥𝘢𝘭 𝘪𝘯 1961 𝘢𝘯𝘥 1964, 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘺. 𝘐𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘢 𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵, 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘢, 𝘯𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘩𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘷𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦. 𝘏𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘨𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘔𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘤 𝘋𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘊𝘩𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘪 𝘔𝘦𝘮𝘴𝘢𝘢𝘣 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘈𝘣𝘥𝘶𝘭 𝘔𝘶𝘻𝘪𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳 1975. 𝘏𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘩𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘪𝘯 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 – 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘋𝘢𝘥𝘢 𝘚𝘢𝘩𝘦𝘣 𝘗𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘬𝘦 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘪𝘯 1992.

    𝙀𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙥𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙢𝙖 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙭𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢’𝙨 𝙝𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙪𝙥 𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙨, 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙗𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙤𝙮𝙚𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙚 𝙇𝙖𝙠𝙨𝙝𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙝 𝘽𝙚𝙯𝙗𝙖𝙧𝙪𝙖 (1868-1938) 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙟𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙨 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙝 𝙖𝙨 𝙊𝙧𝙪𝙣𝙤𝙙𝙤𝙞 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙙 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚, 𝙩𝙤 𝙜𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙥𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙮. 𝙄𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙧𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙥𝙝𝙤𝙩𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙝𝙨, 𝙣𝙚𝙬𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙚𝙬𝙨, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙠 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙥𝙪𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙚𝙬 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙝𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙤-𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙪 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙢 𝙅𝙤𝙮𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙢𝙖𝙙𝙚, 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙤𝙨𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙅𝙮𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙥𝙧𝙖𝙨𝙖𝙙 𝘼𝙜𝙖𝙧𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 (1903-1951), 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙢𝙖.

    𝘚𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘴

    𝘛𝘩𝘦 1960𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 14 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴. 𝘐𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴, 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘣𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘭𝘺 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 1960𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘵𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘬 𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘉𝘰𝘮𝘣𝘢𝘺. 𝘒𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘒𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘳, 𝘔𝘰𝘩𝘢𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘥 𝘙𝘢𝘧𝘪, 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘢 𝘋𝘦𝘺, 𝘈𝘴𝘩𝘢 𝘉𝘩𝘰𝘴𝘭𝘦, 𝘛𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘵 𝘔𝘢𝘩𝘮𝘰𝘰𝘥, 𝘚𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘯 𝘒𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘢𝘯𝘱𝘶𝘳, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘜𝘴𝘩𝘢 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘴𝘩𝘬𝘢𝘳 𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘷𝘰𝘪𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘱𝘰𝘱𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳 𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦. 𝘌𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘰𝘥𝘢𝘺, 𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘯𝘰 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘷𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦, 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘶𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘪𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘭𝘺. 𝘙𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘹𝘦𝘴 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘴𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴. 𝘚𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘥𝘩𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘪 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘢 𝘒𝘩𝘢𝘴𝘪 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺. 𝘈𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘦𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘢 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘺𝘦𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘚𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘱𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮. 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘥𝘩𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘪 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘬𝘦 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘸𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴. 𝘖𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘭, 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘴 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳- 𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘺𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘰𝘹-𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘦.

    IMG_2067

    𝘽𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙍𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙢𝙢𝙚 𝙖𝙨 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙛 “𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙈𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙄𝙢𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝘾𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚: 𝙅𝙤𝙮𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞, 𝙅𝙮𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙥𝙧𝙖𝙨𝙖𝙙 𝘼𝙜𝙖𝙧𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝘾𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙢𝙖”. 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙚𝙛 𝙂𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩 – 𝘾𝙈 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙢, 𝙎𝙧𝙞 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙪𝙣 𝙂𝙤𝙜𝙤𝙞, 𝙂𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙃𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙪𝙧, 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙛 𝙈𝙞𝙝𝙞𝙧 𝘽𝙝𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙮𝙖, 𝘼𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙉𝙞𝙥𝙤𝙣 𝙂𝙤𝙨𝙬𝙖𝙢𝙞 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙛 𝙍𝙖𝙟𝙚𝙣 𝙎𝙖𝙞𝙠𝙞𝙖, 2014.

    𝘐𝘵 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘣𝘦 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1960𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘯𝘵. 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮-𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘢 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦; 𝘪𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘣𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭. 𝘊𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘣𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 30 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢, 𝘔𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘪 𝘊𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘥𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘺 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘭𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘸𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘴,

    𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘦 ‘𝘶𝘯𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘩𝘺’ 𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴. 𝘖𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 35 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴, 23 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘭 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘴, 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘣𝘪𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘴. 𝘋𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘵𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘦𝘴, 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘦𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵 𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘴𝘦𝘦 𝘪𝘵. 𝘏𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘺𝘸𝘰𝘰𝘥, 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘨𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘶𝘳, 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘶𝘮𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘔𝘦𝘹𝘪𝘤𝘰, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘙𝘶𝘱𝘬𝘰𝘯𝘸𝘢𝘳 𝘑 𝘗 (𝘪.𝘦., 𝘑𝘺𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘱𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘥), 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘰𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘦.

    𝘍𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳

    𝘛𝘩𝘶𝘴, 𝘢𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘢 𝘣𝘪𝘨 𝘣𝘰𝘹-𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘦𝘻𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢, 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳 1969. 𝘐𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳. 𝘐𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴, 𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘰 𝘴𝘦𝘵𝘴. 𝘐𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘣𝘶𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘬𝘩 𝘳𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘦𝘴. 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘦𝘻𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘤 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘙𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 – 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 – 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘱𝘰𝘱𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘤 𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘸𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘏𝘔𝘝, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦, 𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 2011, 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘷𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘰 𝘵𝘢𝘱𝘦𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘥𝘫𝘶𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘴 𝘪𝘯 1969. 𝘐𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘶𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘳, 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘕𝘪𝘱𝘰𝘯 𝘎𝘰𝘴𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘪, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘦𝘻𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢, 𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘴, ‘𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘢𝘪𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘸𝘵𝘩 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘯𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘥 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘨𝘰 𝘵𝘰 𝘒𝘰𝘭𝘬𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘦𝘵𝘴.’ 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘪𝘥𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘧𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘩𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘔𝘶𝘬𝘶𝘵𝘢 𝘪𝘯 1970. 𝘏𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳, 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘩 𝘣𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘳.

    𝐏𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐫𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐮𝐫, 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐡𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐧 𝐇𝐚𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐤𝐚, 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟔

    𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦 1950𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 1960𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮. 𝘈𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘉𝘪𝘫𝘰𝘺 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘢𝘳, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘌𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘶𝘳 𝘪𝘯 1956, 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘢 𝘱𝘰𝘱𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰; 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘌𝘷𝘢 𝘈𝘴𝘢𝘰, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘚𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘢’𝘴 𝘗𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘭𝘪 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯 1955, 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧 𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴. 𝘉𝘪𝘥𝘺𝘢 𝘙𝘢𝘰, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘱𝘦𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥 𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢’𝘴 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘪𝘯 1961, 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘢 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭-𝘧𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘓𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘪 𝘪𝘯 1965, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘸𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘢𝘧𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦. 𝘉𝘪𝘫𝘶 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯, 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘦𝘻𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢, 𝘸𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘱𝘰𝘱𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦. 𝘏𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮. 𝘏𝘪𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘚𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘳𝘢 𝘕𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘺𝘢𝘯 𝘋𝘦𝘷’𝘴 𝘈𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘺𝘢 𝘪𝘯 1971, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘥𝘫𝘶𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘴. 𝘈𝘭𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘕𝘪𝘱𝘰𝘯 𝘎𝘰𝘴𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘪, 𝘢 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘛𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘵𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 (𝘍𝘛𝘐𝘐) 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘦, 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘚𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘮 (𝘚𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘨𝘨𝘭𝘦) 𝘪𝘯 1968, 𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘰𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘋𝘳. 𝘉𝘦𝘻𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘢𝘮𝘦, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘩𝘪𝘮𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘧 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰. 𝘉𝘰𝘵𝘩 𝘎𝘰𝘴𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘪 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘗𝘩𝘶𝘬𝘢𝘯 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘱𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘱𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1970𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 1980𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘴.

    𝘐𝘯 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘱 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1960𝘴, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1970𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 58 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 – 𝘵𝘩𝘦 1980𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 63 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘰𝘭𝘥𝘦𝘯 𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢 𝘢𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘴𝘴 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘭. 𝘔𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘮 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘔𝘶𝘬𝘶𝘵𝘢 (1970), 𝘋’𝘣𝘰𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘑𝘰𝘨 𝘉𝘪𝘺𝘰𝘨 (𝘗𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘔𝘪𝘯𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘴) (1971) 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘛𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘪 (1976), 𝘕𝘪𝘱 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘚𝘰𝘯𝘮𝘢 (1977), 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘩𝘶’𝘴 𝘔𝘦𝘨𝘩𝘢𝘮𝘶𝘬𝘵𝘪 (𝘍𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘰𝘮) (1979), 𝘈𝘫𝘢𝘭𝘪 𝘕𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶 (𝘕𝘢ï𝘷𝘦 𝘚𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳-𝘪𝘯-𝘭𝘢𝘸) (1980), 𝘕𝘪𝘱 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘢’𝘴 𝘒𝘰𝘬𝘢 𝘋𝘦𝘶𝘵𝘢 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪 𝘈𝘳𝘶 𝘏𝘢𝘵𝘪 (𝘎𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥-𝘥𝘢𝘥, 𝘎𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥-𝘴𝘰𝘯, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘯 𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘱𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘵) (1983), 𝘚𝘪𝘷𝘢 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘥 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘬𝘶𝘳’𝘴 𝘉𝘰𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘪 (𝘋𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘦𝘳-𝘪𝘯-𝘭𝘢𝘸) (1982), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘗𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘬 𝘎𝘰𝘨𝘰𝘪’𝘴 𝘚𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘳 (𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘰𝘯) (1984) 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘳𝘶𝘯𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘺 𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘴. 𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘩𝘰𝘸 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘣𝘶𝘴𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘯𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘰𝘸𝘯𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘤𝘩 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦 𝘛𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘪, 𝘈𝘫𝘢𝘭𝘪 𝘕𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘉𝘰𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘪. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 1970𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘴𝘢𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮 𝘉𝘩𝘢𝘪𝘵𝘺 (𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳) 𝘣𝘺 𝘒𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘭 𝘕𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘺𝘢𝘯 𝘊𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘥𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘺 𝘪𝘯 1972.

    𝘌𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘖𝘹𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘥 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘗𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴, ‘𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘐𝘮𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘊𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦: 𝘑𝘰𝘺𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘪, 𝘑𝘺𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘱𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘥 𝘈𝘨𝘢𝘳𝘸𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘊𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘮𝘢’ 𝘣𝘺 𝘉𝘰𝘣𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘵𝘢 𝘚𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘢.

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    Roi Roi Binale A Zubeen Garg Musical
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    • Mur Mon (Roi Roi Binale) · Zubeen Garg Mur Mon (Roi Roi Binale) ℗ Zeal Creations Released on: 2025-10-07 Producer: Zubeen Garg Composer: Zubeen Garg Lyricist: Zubeen Garg
    • Xopun Xopun | Roi Roi Binale | Zubeen Garg | Eye Creations | Zeal Creations | Saregama Song Name: Xopun Xopun Film: Roi Roi Binale Label: Eye Creations & Zeal Creations
    • JUN JWOLI-(ROI ROI BINALE) |ZUBEEN GARG |EYE CREATIONS |ZEAL CREATIONS
    • FILM- ROI ROI BINALE SONG-চকুলোৰে ৰৈ ৰৈ বিনালে(The Last Song) LABEL- ZEAL CREATIONS & EYE CREATIONS AUDIO CREDITS- COMPOSITION- ZUBEEN GARG LYRICS-ZUBEEN GARG MUSIC PRODUCER- ZUBEEN GARG CO-PRODUCER- NILOTPAL BORA & GAURI SHANKAR LAHON VOCALS- ZUBEEN GARG, ACHURJYA BORPATRA ACOUSTIC GUITAR- ISHANU NYLON & ELECTRIC GUITAR- PRITOM GOHAIN BARUAH BASS GUITAR- BISWAJIT CHAKRABORTY CHORUS VOICES-[...]

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    NOTICE ROI ROI BINALE Film

    •   আবেগ-অনুভূতিত কোনেও যাতে চিনেমাখনৰ ভিডিঅ' ১ ছেকেণ্ডো যাতে আপলোড নকৰে। আনকি ফটোও।  

    •   ট্ৰেলাৰটো ইতিমধ্যে দেখিছেই সকলোৱে। এই কাম নকৰিব। কিয়নো যি কাম তেওঁ বেয়া পাইছিল। সকলোলৈকে আহ্বান।  

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